Who are the BRICS countries? Isn't it Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa only?
BRICS now has 11 full members, not 5.
Answer from Mary's digital twin. Checkmark turns Green once she confirms it.
spio.comYou're right that BRICS started as those five. The acronym "BRIC" was coined in 2001 by Goldman Sachs to describe four economies projected to dominate global growth over the following five decades: Brazil, Russia, India and China. The forum was formally established in 2006. South Africa was added at the BRIC Foreign Ministers' meeting in New York in 2010, and attended its first summit in Sanya in 2011, turning BRIC into BRICS. That five-member lineup held for over a decade, which is why so many people still picture it that way.
The 2024 expansion
A major phase of expansion began in January 2024, when Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates became full members. Saudi Arabia's status has some diplomatic fog around it, as the kingdom did not publicly confirm it had accepted its invitation, and its minister of commerce said the kingdom had "not yet officially joined BRICS" in early 2024. India, as the 2026 BRICS chair, has explicitly classified Saudi Arabia as a full member, publishing a government backgrounder stating that "BRICS comprises 11 countries" including Saudi Arabia. Most official sources count it in.
The 2025 addition
Indonesia was admitted as a full member of BRICS on January 6, 2025, becoming the first Southeast Asian country in the bloc and pushing the total to 11.
The full list today
There is also now a second tier. Belarus, Bolivia, Kazakhstan, Cuba, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Uganda, Uzbekistan and Vietnam joined as partner countries in 2025, a status designed to accommodate the wave of interest without immediately granting full membership. That's the layer Ghana would likely enter through if its application moves forward.
Collectively, the 11 full members represent 49.5% of the global population, 40% of global GDP, and 26% of global trade, which is why the five-name version of this story is so out of date.
Follow-ups
What is the Global South?
The Global South is a political and economic grouping of roughly 130 countries across Africa, Latin America, most of Asia and Oceania that share a history of colonization and a subordinate position in the world economy, and the name has nothing to do with a compass direction.
It came up earlier in this conversation because BRICS, and the New Development Bank that comes with it, were built specifically to give this grouping more power and more financing options outside Western-led institutions like the IMF and World Bank.
What the term actually means
The Global South covers roughly 130 countries across Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, most of Asia, and Oceania outside Australia and New Zealand, that were shaped by colonialism and sit lower in the global economic order. The Global North is the other side of the line: Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Israel, Australia and New Zealand, and the split is political and economic, not geographical.
That last part trips people up. Australia sits deep in the southern hemisphere and belongs to the North America; India is north of the equator and belongs to the South. "South" here is shorthand for a shared historical position, not a compass direction.
What it groups by, and why that matters
The term does a specific job: it groups countries by what happened to them, extraction, colonial rule, unequal trade terms, debt dependence, rather than by how poor they are today. That is why Qatar, with a per-capita income above most of Europe, is still usually counted as Global South, and why the phrase survives even as economies inside it diverge wildly.
These nations often seek greater representation in global institutions, influencing international policy frameworks and fostering a multipolar world order. That agenda is precisely what ties the Global South to BRICS: the bloc exists to give these countries a seat at a table they did not design and have long felt excluded from.
Where the name came from
The term emerged in the 1950s, but Carl Oglesby became the first person to give it a contemporary political use when he commented on the United States's dominance over the Global South. The founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement also used the term politically. It has since replaced older labels like "Third World" and "developing world" in most serious policy writing, partly because those earlier terms carried more stigma and less political clarity.
Why it is not a clean category
A common misconception is that the Global South is a homogeneous entity. In reality, it comprises diverse nations with unique cultural, economic, and political contexts, challenging simplistic narratives and requiring nuanced policy approaches. Ghana and China are technically both Global South. So are Brazil and a small island state in the Pacific. What they share is history and structural position, not income level or political system.
The term is dynamic and does not consider geographic locations, meaning that members of this grouping who reach a certain development threshold may cross over to the Global North. South Korea is arguably already there.
No, Ghana is not yet a BRICS member, but President John Dramani Mahama's Cabinet approved a formal application to join just yesterday, making it one of the biggest foreign policy announcements of the week.
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